以数据为核心的广西地方水电信息管理系统

通过对数据采集、数据利用、数据分析、数据跟踪等4个步骤的理论阐述、内容规划和关键技术研究,提出了以数据为核心进行农村水电综合管理信息系统建设的理论并结合广西地方水电信息管理系统的实际建设情况对其进行了实践验证,为农村水电站信息化建设探索了一条技术含量高、可持续发展、经济实用的新模式。     

POTENTIAL FOR VEGETATION‐BASED RIVER MANAGEMENT IN DRYLAND,SALINE CATCHMENTS

The approaches used to manage rivers have been developed and adapted to many different problems and settings. Because of their relatively low cost, vegetation‐based approaches implemented at the reach, landholder and catchment scales have become the foundation for river management in most landscapes. In many dryland agricultural catchments, secondary (anthropogenic) salinity caused by clearing native vegetation has resulted in rising saline groundwater, streamflow salinity values that exceed seawater and severe the degradation of riparian vegetation communities. The potential effectiveness of vegetation‐based strategies in these landscapes remains largely unknown, yet these strategies are still widely pursued. This study initially investigated the patterns of vegetation recovery and recolonization following a large flood in a saline river that disturbed the system. A conceptual model was developed to describe spatial patterns of where different vegetation types had regrown and recovered in relation to controls exerted by streamflow salinity, surface texture characteristics, topography and reach morphology. Using this model, vegetation‐based river management options for different reaches were developed, and their potential effectiveness in stabilizing reaches was investigated using a 1‐D hydraulic modelling approach. This study finds that in a dryland catchment with high stream salinity (20 000–93 000 mg L^?1), there is still a strong potential for successful vegetation‐based management, but only in selected reaches. Results showed that changes in stream power and channel velocity were not associated with the areas of most severe vegetation degradation. Rather, there is a complex interplay between channel morphology, channel slope and places of potential vegetation growth within a reach. This paper outlines an approach to evaluate the potential success of vegetation‐based river management in saline landscapes. It identifies the need to prioritize investment based on the following: an understanding of factors controlling revegetation potential, the likely impact of revegetation in mitigating adverse channel changes and the proximity of reaches to high‐value infrastructure and biodiversity assets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内陆核电厂选址阶段水资源约束条件指标体系

简要介绍了构建内陆核电厂选址阶段水资源约束条件指标体系的原则和基本思路,从水资源配置与管理要求、取水水源条件、低放射性废液排放受纳水域水文条件、水资源安全4个方面构建了水资源约束条件指标体系。应用实例分析结果表明,水资源约束条件指标体系可作为内陆核电厂厂址选择的约束条件,可为选址阶段解决内陆核电建设与运行可能面临的水资源问题提供技术依据。     

含沉水植物河道水流流速特性研究

在梯形平底水槽中,用塑料草模拟了沉水植物对水流的影响。结果表明：（1）流速不同、相对植物高度不同的情况下,植物对流速的影响是不同的;（2）含沉水植物的水流垂向流速分布曲线存在一条流速分界线,在其上部流速变大,下部流速变小,流速分界线在植物冠层以上,在相对水深h／H=0．3附近;（3）两株植物叶片之间是否有交叉重叠对水流的阻碍作用是有区别的;有交叉重叠时会额外增加水流阻力;在流速分界线以下,叶片有交叉重叠时流速减小幅度较大。     

陕西电网建设抽水蓄能电站的初步探讨

抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中具有调峰填谷、调频、事故备用和黑启动等多种功能,成为现代电力系统中有效的调节工具。文章结合陕西电网规划期调峰能力研究成果,对陕西电网建设抽水蓄能电站进行了初步探讨。     

国外过氧化氢生产装置和生产工艺现状

介绍了国外过氧化氢生产装置目前生产能力及其在世界各地的分布状况;还介绍了主要过氧化氢有关公司的现行生产工艺(蒽醌法工艺)特点。     

关于燃煤电厂脱除NOx的技术分析

本文简要介绍了燃煤电厂NOx形成的原因。在对火电厂炉内和烟气中脱氮技术分析的基础上,针对我国国情和现阶段我国烟气净化的发展状况,提出了烟气脱氮技术在我国的实施建议。     

基于数据挖掘的电站运行优化应用研究

火电机组运行优化目标值的合理确定是关系到机组经济性诊断正确性与准确性的重要因素,该文充分利用火电厂运行数据的关联特性,提出了基于模糊关联规则挖掘的电站运行优化目标值确定方法,利用改进的模糊关联规则挖掘算法从电站运行历史数据中挖掘定量关联规则,以指导优化运行,解决了传统优化目标值确定中对机组实际状态考虑不足而失去指导意义的问题。以某300MW机组历史运行数据为基础,对各典型负荷工况下的历史数据进行挖掘,得到各运行工况下的最优值以指导实际运行。运行试验结果表明,基于模糊关联规则挖掘的运行优化目标值确定方法可以提高机组运行效率,降低污染物排放,优化目标值来源于机组实际运行数据,能够反映机组在特定负荷和相关条件下的最优运行状态,可以指导机组的优化运行。     

电厂应用BOT投资方式的可行性评估及其灰色关联模型

针对电厂应用建造经营移交(BOT)投资方式的可行性问题,采用灰色关联理论同模糊理论相结合的方法,从建设项目所面临的风险角度考虑,对电厂应用BOT投资方式进行了分析。在分析风险因素的过程中,结合电厂建设的特点,构建了与之相适应的评价指标体系,并应用群灰色关联度和模糊群灰色关联度,确定了二级指标的权重。     

先进的分布式控制系统在大型水泥厂的应用

分布式控制系统在水泥工厂的应用已越来越广泛。介绍了某5000t／d水泥热料生产绒基于西门子PCS7系统的分布式控制系统，并详细描述了控制系统的结构、特点厦控制策略。